Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, usually supplied as a 37% aqueous solution known as formalin. It is widely used in the production of resins, disinfectants, textiles, and preservatives. Its strong reactivity makes it a valuable intermediate in various chemical manufacturing processes.
- Chemical Industry: Key raw material for urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins.
- Textiles: Used in fabric finishing and wrinkle-resistant treatments.
- Disinfectants: Active ingredient in certain disinfectants and preservatives.
- Construction: Used in plywood and particleboard adhesives.
- Laboratory Use: Preservative in biological specimen storage.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
| Properties |
Data |
| Appearance |
Colorless liquid (formalin solution) or gas |
| Odor |
Pungent |
| Molecular Formula |
CH2O |
| Molecular Weight |
30.03 g/mol |
| Boiling Point |
-19 °C (gas) |
| Density |
1.09 g/cm³ (37% solution) |
| Solubility |
Completely soluble in water
|
| pH (37% solution) |
2.8 - 4.0 |
| Chemical Stability |
Stable under recommended conditions |